About

Explore, question, write, repeat

Daniel Brubaker is a textual critic of Quran manuscripts of the 7th-10th centuries A.D. He defended his doctoral dissertation titled “Intentional Changes in Qurʾan Manuscripts” at Rice University in Houston in 2014. He has continued his work postdoctorally. So far, he has analyzed approximately 10,000 early Quran manuscript folios, most in person, in institutions and libraries in Paris, St. Petersburg, Oxford, Cambridge, London, Dublin, Doha, Manchester, Manama, Kuwait, Tashkent, and elsewhere.

The manuscript research of Dr. Brubaker does not directly address the matter of Muhammad’s alleged prophethood, or Muslims’ claim that the Quran is revelation from God. His emphasis remains upon cataloguing and describing of the manuscripts, with particular attention to corrections, variants, and other textual and codicological features.

Dr. Brubaker’s Qurʾan manuscript research is available in his first published book, Corrections in Early Qurʾān Manuscripts: Twenty Examples, and also forthcoming in print in the form of several other books, book sections, and articles, including a series of academic monographs. 

Brubaker is a member of the Islamic Manuscript Association (IMA) and the International Qurʾanic Studies Association (IQSA), as well as the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA), and is on the editorial board of the Review of Qurʾanic Research (RQR). He is a life member of the National Association of Scholars (NAS). 

Dr. Brubaker strives to maintain high standards in his research and writing, and welcomes cross-examination.

Brubaker’s ongoing travel, research and writing related to Islam and the Quran is accomplished in part through the generous help of individual donors. Please consider joining his regular supporters by clicking the donate  button at the top of this page. Your gifts are tax deductible. Thank you!

A Varied Life

Brubaker has lived outside the United States for extended periods three times (Spain, Japan, and the U.K.), and has traveled extensively. 

In addition to ordinary travel, his particular work and studies combined with a general confidence and willingness to ask questions has opened doors in many places that others cannot go. He has ventured off the beaten path in places like Cairo, Tashkent, Samarkand, Beirut, Jerusalem, Warsaw, Tokyo, Manila, New Delhi, Suva, Madrid, Paris, Seoul, St. Petersburg, London, Istanbul, Prague, Budapest, Hong Kong, and others. He has stepped into North Korea, climbed Mt. Fuji, slept in grass huts in Fiji, wandered through mosques and Islamic colleges in Uzbekistan, Kuwait, Amman, and elsewhere, speaking with imams and others. He has spent many days in the libraries of Oxford, Cambridge, the reading rooms of the British Library, among others.

Daniel has run about a dozen marathons including Chicago, London, New York, Seattle, Boston and Washington D.C., with a best time of 3:03:23. In Tokyo, Japan in 1989, he set a school record for the 2-mile distance that stood until 2017. 

As a child in Madrid, Spain, Daniel had training in sculpture and other media. As a young man, he worked as a ski instructor for children, and as a seafood counter worker in grocery store. At university, he earned degrees in Cell and Molecular Biology (B.S.) and Speech Communication (B.A.), then working various jobs from bookkeeper, to microbiology assistant, to staff at McDonalds (twice, but never in the United States). For seven years, Daniel worked for Nordstrom in sales, management, and human resources; then as a personal banker for Wells Fargo.

Dr. Brubaker loves cultures and interactions with all kinds of people. His 1996 marriage to Latha Samuel, the granddaughter of Pastor P.K. Chacko on her mother’s side and Pastor K.J. Samuel on her father’s, formally brought him into an Indian family; Daniel made his first trip to Kerala with Latha in 1997 and the two returned with their three children in 2015.

When a freshman in college at the University of Washington, Daniel used elective credits to take a year-long course on Islam. During this time he was first introduced in a substantial way to the history and texts of Islam and was also able to visit the local mosque where his professor served as an imam.

Several years after the events of September 11, 2001, a longtime friend who had known him during college years encouraged Daniel to pursue a Ph.D. in Islam. Daniel began studying Arabic and applying to Ph.D. programs, and was offered a full scholarship at Rice University in Houston. 

Daniel’s interest was captured by Quran manuscript studies during his Ph.D. work and settled on a project that focused upon collecting and describing physical corrections. His doctoral dissertation was principally a database of Quran manuscript changes; in it he collected photographs, and noted shelf marks, institution, folio, side, line, transcription, modern text, and many other features, one-by-one, for corrections he discovered in these manuscripts.

In 2019, Brubaker traveled to Dundee, Scotland, delivering a public lecture at an Islamic college, followed by more manuscript research at universities in the U.K. Soon after, he joined an archeological team in Jerusalem, where he also toured and photographed the interior of the Dome of the Rock and the areas inside and under the Aqsa Mosque and the rest of the southern part of the Temple Mount. Following this trip, he presented a paper on his manuscript work in Warsaw after vacationing with his family in Italy. The year drew to a close with his presentation of another conference paper at the International Quranic Studies Association in San Diego.

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(Top of page: Daniel Brubaker in Giza at top of one of the smaller pyramids, with the Great Pyramid behind him, 2011.)

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